A critical part of early childhood development is the development of "theory of mind" (ToM), which is the ability to take the perspective of another person. The main purpose of this book is to discuss and integrate findings from prominent research areas in developmental psychology that are typically studied in isolation, but are clearly related. Two examples are whether executive functions represent a precursor of ToM or whether ToM understanding predicts the development of executive functions, and to what extent children's level of verbal ability and their working memory are important predictors of performance on both executive functioning and ToM tasks. The chapters in this book give a detailed account of the major outcomes of this research. First, the state of the art concerning current understanding of the relevant constructs (working memory, ToM, executive functioning) and their developmental changes is presented, followed by chapters that deal with interactions among the core concepts. Its main focus ison theoretically important relationships among determinants of young children's cognitive development--considered to be "hot" issues in contemporary developmental psychology.
Based on presentations made at an international workshop, this book is divided into two parts. In the first part, five teams of researchers present theoretical analyses and overviews of empirical evidence regarding the core constructs of memory, executive functions, and ToM. The next part deals with the interplay among the core concepts outlined in Part I with developmental trends in the interaction.

Memory development has been a central topic in developmental psychology for the past 30 years. This volume summarizes the research achievements during that era and relates those achievements to work on memory development conducted throughout the 20th century. An abridgement of Schneider and Pressley's previous work ("Memory Development Between Two and Twenty, Second Edition," 1997, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.), this book has been reorganized to better discuss the most important themes in memory development for the novice student. By highlighting the issues driving contemporary memory development research, it provides the knowledge that students require to effectively understand the newest studies on memory development. This textbook is not a history; rather, it offers a framework for understanding the many memory development studies now appearing in the literature.
A comprehensive, yet succinct, summary of theory and research on memory development, this volume covers more than a century of research, including European, Soviet, and American contributions. Its organization in terms of basic memory capacities, knowledge, strategies, and metamemory reflects the way that the most important researchers in memory development have conceived of the field during the past two decades. At the same time, it emphasizes the perspective that memory development is not development of any of the components alone, but rather is due to developments in capacity, knowledge, strategies, and metamemory "in interaction." As such, the book is appropriate for courses in child development, cognitive development, and cognition and memory--that is, wherever students have a need to know about how leading scholars view the development of memory and intellect.

In this volume, two scholars with different but complementary interests in memory and cognitive development present a careful overview of the field of memory development from the perspective of their theory of good strategy use. In addition to treating broad topics of general interest, such as knowledge, cognitive capacity, and metamemory, the text also examines controversial issues surrounding the development of children's memory--particularly eyewitness memory. The result is a coherent statement about memory development accompanied by commentary on the study of memory development, plus applications of the theory and research in the area. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as researchers and other professionals interested in child and adolescent memory.

Data generated from longitudinal studies allow researchers to better understand how context and experience interact with stable characteristics of the developing person over time. This book summarizes a landmark longitudinal study of 200 children, from the ages of 3 to 23. The Munich Longitudinal Study on the Ontogenesis of Individual Competencies (LOGIC) examined the development of individual differences over time and whether it is possible to predict later competencies from earlier ones. Offering a snapshot of theory and data on personality, social, motor, moral, and cognitive development, the contributors help us understand which individual differences can and cannot be altered through schooling and other experiences and how differences seen in the earliest stages are later reflected in adulthood. The results provide valuable insight into the strengths and limitations of early prediction of individual differences.

This is the second volume to review the wealth of data generated by the study. The first volume (Weinert and Schneider, 1999) traced development from ages 3 to 12. This volume continues the story, integrating these early findings with the results from adolescence and young adulthood.

Each of the chapters provides an overview of current research and addresses how the data help us understand the presence and developmental effects of individual differences. Among the findings are results on:

• The relative stability of cognitive competencies
• The long term effects of shyness and aggression
• The relation between moral understanding and action, and
• The role of education in the development or maintenance of performance differences.

Intended for researchers and advanced students in developmental, educational, personality, social, and cognitive psychology, this book will also appeal to educators, especially the chapters that focus on literacy development, educational context, scientific reasoning and mathematical reasoning.

Memory development has been a central topic in developmental psychology for the past 30 years. This volume summarizes the research achievements during that era and relates those achievements to work on memory development conducted throughout the 20th century. An abridgement of Schneider and Pressley's previous work ("Memory Development Between Two and Twenty, Second Edition," 1997, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.), this book has been reorganized to better discuss the most important themes in memory development for the novice student. By highlighting the issues driving contemporary memory development research, it provides the knowledge that students require to effectively understand the newest studies on memory development. This textbook is not a history; rather, it offers a framework for understanding the many memory development studies now appearing in the literature.
A comprehensive, yet succinct, summary of theory and research on memory development, this volume covers more than a century of research, including European, Soviet, and American contributions. Its organization in terms of basic memory capacities, knowledge, strategies, and metamemory reflects the way that the most important researchers in memory development have conceived of the field during the past two decades. At the same time, it emphasizes the perspective that memory development is not development of any of the components alone, but rather is due to developments in capacity, knowledge, strategies, and metamemory "in interaction." As such, the book is appropriate for courses in child development, cognitive development, and cognition and memory--that is, wherever students have a need to know about how leading scholars view the development of memory and intellect.

In this volume, two scholars with different but complementary interests in memory and cognitive development present a careful overview of the field of memory development from the perspective of their theory of good strategy use. In addition to treating broad topics of general interest, such as knowledge, cognitive capacity, and metamemory, the text also examines controversial issues surrounding the development of children's memory--particularly eyewitness memory. The result is a coherent statement about memory development accompanied by commentary on the study of memory development, plus applications of the theory and research in the area.
This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as researchers and other professionals interested in child and adolescent memory.

A critical part of early childhood development is the development of "theory of mind" (ToM), which is the ability to take the perspective of another person. The main purpose of this book is to discuss and integrate findings from prominent research areas in developmental psychology that are typically studied in isolation, but are clearly related. Two examples are whether executive functions represent a precursor of ToM or whether ToM understanding predicts the development of executive functions, and to what extent children's level of verbal ability and their working memory are important predictors of performance on both executive functioning and ToM tasks. The chapters in this book give a detailed account of the major outcomes of this research. First, the state of the art concerning current understanding of the relevant constructs (working memory, ToM, executive functioning) and their developmental changes is presented, followed by chapters that deal with interactions among the core concepts. Its main focus is on theoretically important relationships among determinants of young children's cognitive development--considered to be "hot" issues in contemporary developmental psychology. Based on presentations made at an international workshop, this book is divided into two parts. In the first part, five teams of researchers present theoretical analyses and overviews of empirical evidence regarding the core constructs of memory, executive functions, and ToM. The next part deals with the interplay among the core concepts outlined in Part I with developmental trends in the interaction.

Based on decades of established research findings in cognitive and developmental psychology, this volume explores and integrates the leading scientific advances into infancy and brain-memory linkages as well as autobiographical and strategic memory. In addition, given that the predominantly classic research on memory development has recently been complemented by more cutting-edge applied research (e.g., eyewitness memory, memory development in educational contexts) in recent years, this volume also provides in-depth and up-to-date coverage of these emerging areas of study.

This book presents the most interesting talks given at ISSE 2015 - the forum for the interdisciplinary discussion of the key European Commission security objectives and policy directions. The topics include: * Encrypted Communication * Trust Services, eID and Cloud Security * Industrial Security and Internet of Things * Cybersecurity, Cybercrime, Critical Infrastructures * BYOD and Mobile Security * Regulation and Policies * Biometric Applications Adequate information security is one of the basic requirements of all electronic business processes. It is crucial for effective solutions that the possibilities offered by security technology can be integrated with the commercial requirements of the applications. The reader may expect state-of-the-art: best papers of the Conference ISSE 2015.

This book presents the most interesting talks given at ISSE 2014 - the forum for the inter-disciplinary discussion of how to adequately secure electronic business processes. The reader may expect state-of-the-art: best papers of the Conference ISSE 2014.

Based on decades of established research findings in cognitive and developmental psychology, this volume explores and integrates the leading scientific advances into infancy and brain-memory linkages as well as autobiographical and strategic memory. In addition, given that the predominantly classic research on memory development has recently been complemented by more cutting-edge applied research (e.g., eyewitness memory, memory development in educational contexts) in recent years, this volume also provides in-depth and up-to-date coverage of these emerging areas of study.

This book describes the findings of a longitudinal study conducted with about 200 children from 1984 to 1993. Children were recruited for the study when they had just entered kindergarten at the age of about 4 years. The study aimed to investigate changes in cognitive, social, and personality development over the preschool and elementary school years. One of the unique features of this longitudinal study is that relationships and interactions among cognitive, social, and personality development could be assessed based on the data of a representative sample of children.

This book presents the most interesting talks given at ISSE 2012 - the forum for the inter-disciplinary discussion of how to adequately secure electronic business processes. The topics include: - Information Security Strategy; Enterprise and Cloud Computing Security - Security and Privacy Impact of Green Energy; Human Factors of IT Security - Solutions for Mobile Applications; Identity & Access Management - Trustworthy Infrastructures; Separation & Isolation - EU Digital Agenda; Cyber Security: Hackers & Threats Adequate information security is one of the basic requirements of all electronic business processes. It is crucial for effective solutions that the possibilities offered by security technology can be integrated with the commercial requirements of the applications. The reader may expect state-of-the-art: best papers of the Conference ISSE 2012. Content Information Security Strategy - Enterprise and Cloud Computing Security - Security and Privacy - Impact of Green Energy - Human Factors of IT Security - Solutions for Mobile Applications - Identity & Access Management - Trustworthy Infrastructures - Separation & Isolation - EU Digital Agenda - Cyber Security - Hackers & Threats Target Group Developers of Electronic Business Processes IT Managers IT Security Experts Researchers The Editors Norbert Pohlmann: Professor for Distributed System and Information Security at Westfalische Hochschule Gelsenkirchen Helmut Reimer: Senior Consultant, TeleTrusT Wolfgang Schneider: Senior Adviser, Fraunhofer Institute SIT

One out of every two men over eigthy suffers from carcinoma of the prostate.It is discovered incidentally in many patients with an alleged benign prostatic hyperplasia. In treating patients, the authors make clear that primary radical prostatectomy is preferred over transurethral resection due to the lower complication rate.

This book presents the most interesting talks given at ISSE 2011 - the forum for the inter-disciplinary discussion of how to adequately secure electronic business processes. The topics include: - Cloud Computing & Enterprise Security Services - Awareness, Education, Privacy & Trustworthiness - Smart Grids, Mobile & Wireless Security - Security Management, Identity & Access Management - eID & eGovernment - Device & Network Security Adequate information security is one of the basic requirements of all electronic business processes. It is crucial for effective solutions that the possibilities offered by security technology can be integrated with the commercial requirements of the applications. The reader may expect state-of-the-art: best papers of the Conference ISSE 2011.

This book presents the most interesting talks given at ISSE 2010 the forum for the inter-disciplinary discussion of how to adequately secure electronic business processes.
The topics include:
- Identity and Security Management
- Technical and Economical Aspects of Cloud Security
- Security Services and Large Scale Public Applications
- Smart Grid Security and Emerging Security Solutions
- Privacy and Data Protection
Adequate information security is one of the basic requirements of all electronic business processes. It is crucial for effective solutions that the possibilities offered by security technology can be integrated with the commercial requirements of the applications. The reader may expect state-of-the-art: best papers of the Conference ISSE 2010.

Dcar Readers, ENISA has oncc again co-organizcd rhc ISSE 2009, Information Sccur ity Solutions Europc Confcrcncc 2009 togcthcr with ccma, TclcTrusT, thc ' Idcntity 2009', and thc ciryof Thc Haguc. Thc purpe se of rhc ISSE has been to support thc dcvclopmc nt 01' a Europcan information sccunty cunu rc throughout thc ycars. This goa l is morc rhan cvcr valid fOT thc future of rhc Internet, with its cvcr increasing dcmand for ftrustwo rthy Ir applications for citizc ns, industry cross-bordcr framcw ork o and adm inistration. Thc ISSE is dcsigncd 10 mform le T profcssionals, kcy poliey makcrs and industry leaders on thc tates t dcvclopmcnts and trends in tcchno logy, as well as bcst practiccs. EN ISA ls highly co mmittcd to these targcts . as the Agcncy is pursuing a srrarcgy of mitigating risks through awarcness. srudics, rcpor ts and Position Papers on current NIS mancrs. In this quest, wc assist and advisc the Europcan Commission. Member Smtcs. and the busin css community in the ficld of Network and Information Sccu rity, The sccurity of communication nctworks and infonnation systcms is of incrcasing couccm . in particular for thc cconomy of Europc. Clcarly, coopcration is kcy to addrcss toda y 's - and tomorrow's -complcx in fonnation sccunty chanenges. Only by working more closcly togcthcr, can we generate ncw strarcgics to manage these problems."

This book presents the most interesting talks given at ISSE 2008 the forum for the interdisciplinary discussion of how to adequately secure electronic business processes.
The topics include: - Identity Management, Information Security Management - PKI-Solutions, Economics of IT-Security - Smart Tokens, e-ID-Cards, Infrastructur Solutions - Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Data Protection, Legal Aspects.
Adequate information security is one of the basic requirements of all electronic business processes. It is crucial for effective solutions that the possibilities offered by security technology can be integrated with the commercial requirements of the applications. The reader may expect state-of-the-art: best papers of the Conference ISSE 2008.

This book presents the most interesting talks given at ISSE/SECURE 2007 - the forum for the interdisciplinary discussion of how to adequately secure electronic business processes. The topics include: Identity Management, Information Security Management - PKI-Solutions, Economics of IT-Security - Smart Tokens, eID Cards, Infrastructure Solutions - Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, Data Protection, Legal Aspects. Adequate information security is one of the basic requirements of all electronic business processes. It is crucial for effective solutions that the possibilities offered by security technology can be integrated with the commercial requirements of the applications. The reader may expect state-of-the-art: best papers of the Conference ISSE/SECURE 2007.

This book covers in detail the Tiger variants Elefant, Jagdtiger, and Sturmtiger.

Interferons were among the first cytokines to be studied clinically in recombinant form in the 1980s, beginning a new era of pharmacotherapy in internal medicine. Interferons were soon employed in the treatment of tumors and it was shown that those hematopoietic neoplasias which had been difficult to treat with chemotherapy responded well to interferon treatment. In the present volume, renowned international authors update the importance of interferons in various fields of internal medicine, dermatology, and urology. The book also contains a general introduction into the classification, structure, and mode of action of interferons. Further chapters discuss the range of side effects of these substances and point out possible focuses of further clinical interferon research.

During the past two decades, a renewed interest in children's cognitive devel opment has stimulated numerous research activities that have been summarized in hundreds of books. In our view, the field of memory development provides a particularly nice example of the progress that has been made so far. Since John Flavell's landmark symposium on "What Is Memory Development the Development of?" in 1971, the question of what develops has been addressed in different ways, yielding a rather complex pattern of findings. A closer look at current research outcomes reveals that ways of describing and explaining de velopmental changes in memory performance have changed considerably during the past 20 years. That is, while individual differences in the use of cognitive strategies were conceived of as the most important predictors of individual dif ferences in memory performance in the 1970s, the crucial role of knowledge has been demonstrated in research conducted in the 1980s. More recent studies have repeatedly emphasized that neither changes in strategies nor knowledge alone is sufficient to explain general patterns of memory development: Here the claim is that strategies ahd different forms of knowledge (e. g. , world knowl edge, domain knowledge, or metacognitive knowledge) interact in rather com plex ways to achieve successful memory performance. We believe that this claim can be generalized to different fields dealing with intelligent information processing.

In this follow-up to Tigers in Combat I, Wolfgang Schneider turns his attention to the Tiger tanks of the Waffen-SS and the Wehrmacht's "named" units, such as the Grossdeutschland Division, Company Hummel, and Tiger Group Meyer. Based on combat diaries, the text tells the history of each unit, but most of the book is devoted to photos of the tanks and the men who manned them. It offers as unique and comprehensive a look at these lethal machines as is possible decades after World War II.